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Biography
One of the most
significant Bolognese painters of the Italian Renaissance. Francesco Francia was born in
Bologna a bustling town in Northern Italy. He collaborated with both
Raphael and
Lorenzo
Costa on religious commissions for the Catholic church. His work is
gracefully elegant, warm in color, and shows the influence of his friend
and mentor,
Raphael. Francia
is most celebrated for his gently rendered Madonna's, who are highly
sentimental and spiritually uplifting.
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About The High Renaissance
Period
C lassical
humanism, was a major factor of the Italian Renaissance. This
philosophical movement was based on the idea that every persons life had
value and dignity. Humanism also stressed man's position in the
natural world. The Humanists believed modern man should look to
the classical writings and art of the ancient
Greeks and
Romans as exemplary guides for ethical living and scholarship.
Francesco Petrarch,
1304-1374, called
the Father of Humanism, Italian Intellectual, Poet, and
Humanist stated, "No one intellect
should ever strive for distinction in more than one pursuit. Those who
boast of preeminence in many arts are either divinely endowed or utterly
shameless or simply mad. Who ever heard of such presumption in olden
times, on the part of either Greeks or men of our own race? It is a new
practice, a new kind of effrontery. To-day men write up over their doors
inscriptions full of vainglory, containing claims which, if true, would
make them, as Pliny puts it, superior even to the law of the land.. ."
During the Renascence the spirit of an era
awoke, revitalized with knowledge and creativity. Although art still
served a specific functions, which were primarily religious, painters
added more of their individual spirit and personal vision to their
creations.
John Ruskin,
famous art historian declared, "The
art of any country is the exponent of its social and political virtues .
The art, or general productive and formative energy, of any country, is
an exact exponent of its ethical life. you can have noble art only from
noble persons, associated under laws fitted to their time and
circumstance."
The major painters of
the Renaissance were not only artists but men of great genius who gave
the world their great intellectual gifts. Florentine and Venetian
painting were both formed by extraordinary personalities. These
independent creative geniuses tackled mathematical, artistic and philosophical problems of the highest
interest, and presented solutions that have never lost their value. The sense of humanism
pervading renaissance painting is still palpable. The painters touched on a
multitude of issues regarding the human condition - death, love,
reason, religion, universal morality, social problems.
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Key Descriptive Words
and Phrases associated
with the Renaissance
Movement -
rebirth,
rediscovery of the classical world, publication of Della
Pittura, a book about the laws of mathematical perspective for
artists, sfumato, chiaroscuro,
Savonarola, spiritually
significant,
illuminated
manuscript, idealized biblical themes,
scriptorium,
illuminator,
plague, Age of Discovery, curiosity about the natural world, realistic use of colours and
light, Bonfire of the Vanities, Old Testament stories, ethereal and
foggy backgrounds, Gospel parables, romanticized landscapes,
Christian symbolism.
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